Xylitol, a widely used sugar substitute, is a sweet ingredient with a sour consequence for pets—especially dogs. While it’s safe for human consumption, it can be deadly to pets, often catching owners off guard. At Westerville Veterinary Clinic, we’re committed to educating pet owners about common yet preventable hazards like xylitol toxicity. With the right information, you can take proactive steps to keep your beloved companion safe.

What is Xylitol and Why is it Dangerous for Pets?

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that’s often used as a low-calorie sweetener in many household products. Praised for its dental health benefits and sugar-free properties, it’s commonly found in:

  • Sugar-free gum
  • Baked goods
  • Candies and mints
  • Peanut butter and other nut butters
  • Toothpaste and mouthwash
  • Over-the-counter medications or vitamins

While xylitol is safe for humans, it is extremely toxic to pets, particularly dogs. Even small amounts can cause life-threatening complications. For perspective, a piece or two of gum sweetened with xylitol can trigger a life-threatening drop in blood sugar in a dog.

Why is Xylitol Toxic to Pets?

The Science Behind the Risk

In humans, xylitol is absorbed slowly, causing no significant change in insulin levels. However, in dogs, xylitol is absorbed quickly and triggers a rapid, excessive release of insulin. This leads to a sudden and severe drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemia). In some cases, xylitol can also damage the liver, leading to acute liver failure or death.

Cats and Other Pets

Interestingly, cats seem less likely to be affected by xylitol. This is likely due to differences in how their bodies metabolize it and their generally less adventurous eating habits. However, it’s better to err on the side of caution and keep xylitol-containing products away from all pets.

Symptoms of Xylitol Poisoning in Pets

Xylitol toxicity symptoms can develop quickly—often within 10 to 60 minutes of ingestion. Early recognition is critical to getting your pet the help they need. Common signs include:

  • Vomiting
  • Lethargy and weakness
  • Loss of coordination (ataxia)
  • Seizures
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Collapse

In severe cases, pets may develop jaundice, bleeding disorders, or other signs of liver failure. If you notice any of these symptoms or suspect your pet may have consumed xylitol, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.

What to Do If Your Pet Eats Xylitol

Step-by-Step Emergency Action Plan

  1. Don’t Wait for Symptoms to Appear
    Xylitol poisoning progresses rapidly, so time is of the essence. Contact your veterinarian or an emergency clinic immediately. If you’re in Westerville, Ohio, the team at Westerville Veterinary Clinic is here to assist.
  2. Avoid Inducing Vomiting
    Unlike some toxins, inducing vomiting can sometimes worsen the situation with xylitol. Let your veterinarian decide the best course of action.
  3. Bring Product Packaging
    If possible, bring the packaging of the item your pet consumed to help the veterinary team determine the amount of xylitol ingested.

Veterinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Xylitol Poisoning

Once at the clinic, the veterinary team will focus on stabilizing your pet and assessing the extent of the poisoning.

Diagnostic Steps

  • Blood Tests: To check blood glucose levels and assess liver enzyme activity.
  • Coagulation Profiles: To detect clotting issues that could indicate liver damage and internal bleeding.

Treatment Options

  1. Managing Hypoglycemia
    The immediate priority is stabilizing your pet’s blood sugar. Intravenous dextrose (a form of glucose) is administered to restore normal blood sugar levels and prevent seizures or collapse.
  2. Liver Support
    If liver involvement is suspected, hepatoprotective medications (e.g., SAMe or milk thistle) and other supportive treatments will be started.
  3. Monitoring and Continued Care
    Hospitalization is often necessary to monitor blood sugar, liver function, and clotting factors. Depending on the severity of the case, pets may need to stay under observation for several days.

Preventing Xylitol Poisoning: Practical Tips for Pet Owners

Prevention is always better than cure. Here’s how you can safeguard your pet from xylitol toxicity:

At Home

  • Check Labels: Many products now include xylitol, so always read ingredient lists, even on items like peanut butter and vitamins.
  • Store Items Securely: Keep xylitol-containing products in sealed containers or cabinets out of reach of curious pets.
  • Educate Your Family: Make sure all household members understand the dangers of xylitol and know what products to avoid giving to pets.

While Out and About

  • Supervise Walks: Dogs are natural scavengers and might eat discarded gum or candy while on a walk. Stay vigilant and keep them on a short leash in areas with litter.

The Importance of Routine Veterinary Visits

Regular veterinary care is vital to keeping your pet healthy and addressing potential hazards before they become emergencies. At Westerville Veterinary Clinic, we prioritize preventative care to help pet owners stay ahead of potential risks.

Consider enrolling in our Membership Plan for regular health check-ups, vaccinations, and personalized advice on keeping your pet safe from toxins like xylitol.

Staying Informed and Prepared

Xylitol poisoning is a preventable emergency that all pet owners should be aware of. By understanding the risks, recognizing the symptoms, and taking immediate action when necessary, you can protect your furry family member from harm.

For more information on pet toxins, visit the ASPCA Pet Poison Control Center. If you have any concerns or questions about your pet’s health, contact Westerville Veterinary Clinic. Our experienced team is here to help your pets live long, healthy, and happy lives.

Let’s work together to keep your pets safe and thriving—because their health is our priority.