A feline resorptive lesion ([FRL] i.e., tooth resorption) is a common dental problem in cats, affecting three of every four cats older than 5 years of age. This painful condition is similar to tooth cavities in people and results when a tooth’s bony structure erodes, exposing the sensitive pulp—talk about meOWCH! Tooth resorption is often misunderstood, and the exact cause is still unknown. Our Westerville Veterinary Clinic team sheds light on this serious feline dental issue, including the signs, causes, and treatment options. 

What is a feline resorptive lesion?

When a cat’s tooth or teeth gradually break down, they form painful lesions. Unlike people’s tooth cavities, these lesions are not caused by decay attributable to poor oral hygiene but rather by the body absorbing the tooth structure itself. These lesions typically form around a tooth’s gumline, but can also form below the gums. When resorption affects a tooth, the dentin (i.e., a bony substance that surrounds the tissue inside each tooth chamber) erodes and eventually is destroyed. Over time, the entire tooth, not only the small affected area, may become involved. In some cases, a tooth’s structure becomes so damaged that the crown snaps off.

What causes a feline resorptive lesion?

An FRL’s exact cause remains largely unknown, and researchers continue to investigate the process and potential causes. Some researchers’ predominant theory holds that cat foods’ vitamin D excess may be to blame. So ensure you feed your cat a well-balanced diet, with the appropriate vitamin, mineral, and nutrient levels for their age and health status. Research has shown that resorptive lesions are most common in adult cats but can occur in cats as young as age 2. Pedigreed cats—especially Siamese and Persian cats—are the most susceptible. 

What are feline resorptive lesion signs?

FRLs are extremely painful, but because cats tend to hide illness or injury signs, you are likely to miss the initial signs. One of the earliest and most common dental discomfort signs is an eating habit change. Your cat may swallow food without chewing or suddenly prefer canned food over dry. The condition must be extremely advanced before your cat stops eating completely, and by then, lesions will most likely affect multiple teeth. You may not know your cat has a problem until their annual wellness exam. During a physical exam, your cat may react in pain if our Westerville Veterinary Clinic team probes the lesion. However, the damage extent cannot be diagnosed through a physical exam alone, and we must perform diagnostic imaging. For us to get high-quality, full-mouth X-rays, we must sedate your cat. Although eating changes are a cat’s most reliable resorptive lesion sign, schedule an appointment with our team if you notice abnormalities. 

How is a feline resorptive lesion treated?

Treatment options for FRLs depend on the condition’s severity. However, the most effective way to alleviate pain and prevent further dental deterioration involves the extraction of the affected teeth. Fortunately, cats typically adapt well to tooth loss and can continue to eat and live comfortably after a tooth extraction. Pain management is crucial, and our team will prescribe medication to ease your cat’s discomfort before and after the procedure.

How can a feline resorptive lesion be prevented?

While FRLs’ exact cause is unknown, periodontal disease and lesion development seem to be linked, and maintaining your cat’s oral health can minimize their risk. The best way to prevent dental disease is through once-daily toothbrushing, but if you feel brushing would endanger you or be too stressful for your cat, you can try other products. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) maintains a list of products that are proven safe and effective, or our team can recommend a product we feel will work best for your cat.

Dental health (e.g., measures to reduce plaque, tartar, and bacteria in the mouth) is an overlooked but vital part of your cat’s overall care. If your cat is due for their annual wellness examination or has exhibited dental disease signs, schedule their appointment with our Westerville Veterinary Clinic team.