Hip dysplasia is a common orthopedic condition that affects many adult dogs. This is a genetic disorder that can cause pain, discomfort, and mobility issues. Our Westerville Veterinary Clinic team explains hip dysplasia, its signs, and how to manage the condition so you can provide the best possible care for your furry friend. 

What is hip dysplasia in dogs?

Hip dysplasia is a hip joint malformation in which the ball and socket do not fit together properly. This improper fit leads to joint instability, which can cause wear and tear, arthritis, increased injury risk, and pain over time. Although this disorder is more common in dogs, especially in large-breed dogs, hip dysplasia can also affect cats.

Why do some dogs develop hip dysplasia?

Various factors contribute to a dog’s hip dysplasia risk, with genetics being the most prominent cause. Genetics and other factors include:

  • Genetics — Hip dysplasia is most often an inherited condition. Breeds prone to hip dysplasia include German shepherd dogs, Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers, and bulldogs.
  • Rapid growth — Rapid growth spurts in puppies can contribute to hip dysplasia development.
  • Inadequate diet — Poor nutrition, particularly a diet that leads to rapid weight gain, can exacerbate a dog’s hip dysplasia risk.
  • Exercise — Excessive and insufficient exercise can negatively impact joint development, which is why choosing exercise forms suitable for your pet’s weight, age, and ability is necessary.
  • Obesity — Excessive weight strains the hips, worsening the condition.

Hip dysplasia signs in pets

Being aware of changes in your pet’s health and demeanor can increase your ability to spot health problems early. The following are typical hip dysplasia signs:

  • Lameness — Intermittent or persistent limping in the hind legs can indicate hip dysplasia.
  • Difficulty rising — The condition can cause your pet to struggle to get up from a lying or sitting position
  • Decreased activity — Reluctance to run, jump, or climb stairs can be caused by hip dysplasia.
  • Swaying gait — A swaying gait can cause your pet to bunny hop or sway when walking or running.
  • Pain — Hip dysplasia can cause pain when the hip area is touched or during movement.

How is hip dysplasia diagnosed in dogs?

To accurately diagnose hip dysplasia, our veterinarian performs a thorough physical exam. We may recommend the following diagnostic tests:

  • X-rays — Our team takes X-rays to visualize the hip joint and assess the dysplasia’s severity. 
  • Palpation — This procedure assesses the joint for instability or abnormalities.
  • Orthopedic exam — Our veterinarian evaluates your pet’s range of motion and detects pain or discomfort.

How is hip dysplasia in dogs managed?

While no hip dysplasia cure exists, our Westerville veterinarian will use management strategies to help alleviate your pet’s pain and improve their quality of life. These management strategies include:

  • Weight management — Maintaining your furry friend’s healthy weight is crucial to reducing their hip joint stress. A balanced diet and regular exercise tailored to your pet’s needs can help manage their weight while providing appropriate nutrition. 
  • Exercise — Controlled, low-impact exercises, such as swimming and walking, can strengthen your pet’s muscles and improve their joint stability without straining their hips.
  • Physical therapy — Physical therapy, including hydrotherapy and targeted exercises, can enhance your dog’s mobility and reduce their pain. Our veterinarian will discuss physical rehabilitation options to improve your pet’s mobility.
  • Medications — Our team prescribes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), pain relievers, and joint supplements, such as glucosamine and chondroitin, that can help manage your four-legged friend’s pain and inflammation.
  • Surgery — If a pet’s hip dysplasia is severe, we recommend surgical options, such as a femoral head osteotomy (FHO), total hip replacement, or triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO), to improve the affected pet’s joint function and relieve their pain.

Can hip dysplasia in dogs be prevented?

While genetic predisposition cannot be altered, specific measures can help reduce a dog’s hip dysplasia risk and severity. Consider the following hip dysplasia prevention strategies:

  • Breeding practices — Excellent husbandry practices can decrease a dog’s health condition risk, including their hip dysplasia risk. Consider working with a reputable breeder when choosing a pedigreed pet.
  • Puppy care — Providing a balanced diet, avoiding overfeeding, and ensuring moderate, appropriate exercise during growth periods can contribute to your puppy’s healthy development.
  • Regular wellness exams — Annual or biannual veterinary checkups allow our team to monitor your dog’s joint health closely and catch early hip dysplasia signs.

Hip dysplasia is a challenging condition, but when the condition is detected early and managed properly, an affected pet can lead a comfortable and fulfilling life. Understanding the causes, recognizing the signs, and implementing effective treatment and prevention strategies can help ensure your dog’s well-being if they have a hip dysplasia risk. Schedule an appointment with our Westerville Veterinary Clinic team if you suspect your pet is struggling with a hip or joint disorder.