Reading your pet’s food labels doesn’t sound like fun, does it? We know. Deciphering ingredients and wading through strange chemical-sounding words to understand the food’s nutritional value is probably boring, not to mention confusing. However, understanding the value of your pet’s food ingredients and providing the best nutrition is essential, so this chore is important. 

A myriad of top-quality commercial diets are available and you must understand how to read a pet food label to make an informed decision. This overview from Westerville Veterinary Clinic will help you decode pet food labels and ensure you feed your pet the optimal diet. Here is the scoop on pet food. 

Items listed on a pet food label

The label will include the following items:

  • Product brand name and manufacturer
  • Who should eat the food (i.e., cat, dog, etc.)
  • Package weight
  • Ingredients list
  • Feeding directions
  • Calories
  • Statement of Nutritional Adequacy
  • Statement of Guaranteed Analysis
  • Manufacturer address

Most of these are self-explanatory, but we include short explanations of the ingredients list, feeding directions, and the statement of guaranteed analysis.

Start with the ingredients list

The ingredients list is a component of any pet food label and is always in descending order by weight. Note that there are two components to pet food labeling—providing ingredient information and marketing. Pet food companies are minimally regulated on how they market their products (i.e., “wild,” “all natural,” “organic”), and you should always consult with your veterinarian about the true meaning of these terms.

Starting with the ingredients list, look for high-quality protein sources such as beef, chicken, or fish, which should ideally be the primary ingredients. You’ve likely seen the word “meal” before protein sources—this term is used for a dry protein product that includes the skin, head, feet, and entrails. Doesn’t sound too appetizing! Poultry or other meals meet the level of nutrition set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), but there is some debate about whether these meals are as healthy as unprocessed protein. Again, discuss these concerns with our team before you choose your pet’s diet. 

Grains also comprise a large portion of most pet diets because they are cheap fillers. Some pets have no problem digesting grains (e.g., corn, wheat, and soy), but if your pet requires a grain-free diet, check the ingredients list carefully. More nutritious grains, such as brown rice and oats, are preferable fillers.

Look for a pet food with no artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives, because some pets are sensitive or allergic to these additives. The more natural the food, or the closer to its original protein and grain form, the better. 

AAFCO label guidelines for pet food

The AAFCO is a non-government agency that sets the standards for the production of pet and livestock food. The association is responsible for the pet food labels on the package and determines the amounts your pet needs, with a focus on basic nutritional requirements and safety. Pet food manufacturers also have input into setting quality standards. The guidelines on the label are the basic standards only and do not guarantee the highest level of quality. 

Statement of Guaranteed Analysis on pet food labels

This section provides information on the minimum percentages of crude protein, fat, fiber, and moisture content. Crude is the specific measure of the ingredient. Carbohydrates are not listed in this analysis, because they are not necessary for pets and therefore not considered essential ingredients. 

Feeding guidelines on pet food labels

Feeding guidelines are meant in a general sense and are based on a typical pet’s daily food amount according to their weight. These are not hard and fast rules, simply guidelines, because the amount of food your pet needs each day is based on many factors, such as size, age, and activity level. Overweight pets typically need a more restrictive or a low-calorie diet. Discuss your pet’s nutritional needs with our veterinarian at your pet’s wellness exam.

Reading a pet food label may seem daunting, but a little knowledge can help you make informed decisions about your pet’s diet. Focus on high-quality ingredients, essential nutrients, and your pet’s individual requirements when you choose a pet food. We are happy to discuss your pet’s nutrition and help you choose a diet tailored to your pet’s specific needs. Give the Westerville Veterinary Clinic team a call to schedule an appointment.